Percentage, Margin & Markup Calculator
Solve percentages and business pricing questions in one calculator: percentage of a value, proportion, change, gross margin and markup.
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What is the Percentage, Margin & Markup Calculator?
Solve percentages and business pricing questions in one calculator: percentage of a value, proportion, change, gross margin and markup.
How to use it
- 1Choose the question you want to answer.
- 2Enter A and B with the labels shown.
- 3Read the updated numeric result.
How it works
A% of B is A × B ÷ 100. A as a percent of B is A ÷ B × 100. Change is (B − A) ÷ A × 100. Gross margin is (price − cost) ÷ price × 100; markup uses cost as the divisor.
Margin versus markup
If an item costs 60 and sells for 100, gross margin is 40% while markup is about 66.67%.
Limitations & notes
- A zero divisor has no defined percentage result.
- Results are rounded for display to six decimal places.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between margin and markup?
Both compare cost and price but use different bases. Margin is profit divided by selling price; markup is profit divided by cost. An item costing 75 and selling for 100 has a 25% margin but a 33.33% markup. To reach a target margin, price = cost / (1 − margin), so a 40% margin on a cost of 60 needs a price of 100, not 84, which is what a 40% markup gives.
How do I calculate percentage increase or decrease?
Subtract the original value from the new value, divide by the original, and multiply by 100. Going from 80 to 100 is (100 − 80) / 80 × 100 = 25% increase. Going from 100 to 80 is −20%. In this tool, choose Change from A to B, enter the original as A and the new value as B; a negative result means a decrease.
Why doesn't a 20% drop followed by a 20% rise get back to the start?
Each percentage applies to a different base. A price of 100 falls 20% to 80; a 20% rise on 80 is only 16, giving 96. To recover a loss, you need a larger percentage gain: after a 20% drop you need 25%, and after a 50% drop you need 100%. You can check with this calculator using Change from A to B with A = 80 and B = 100.
What is the difference between percent and percentage points?
Percentage points describe the arithmetic gap between two percentages, while percent change describes the relative change. If an interest rate rises from 4% to 5%, it went up 1 percentage point, but that is a 25% increase relative to the old rate. News reports and financial documents often mix these up. Use Change from A to B with 4 and 5 to get the relative figure.
Why does the calculator show an error for some inputs?
Percentages divide by one of the numbers, and dividing by zero has no answer. The tool shows an error when B is 0 for A is what percent of B or for margin, or when A is 0 for change or markup. For example, growth from 0 sales to 50 sales cannot be expressed as a percentage. Results are shown up to six decimal places, and margin can be negative when cost exceeds price.
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